Benefits of Hosting Olympics

The Olympic Games first started at Olympia in Greece in 776 BC. At that time, the games held were organized into festivals. There was a peace agreement called the scared truce between the city-states of Elis and Pisa. The reasons for hosting the Olympic Games at that time fall into three obvious aspects —— the honour of competing, the opportunity for trade and also, for peace. The reason why cities bid to hold the Olympics now are more complicated than in ancient time. But the main reasons remain the same. Cities may bid to host the Olympics to raise their International status by opening a door to the whole world, boost their economy, and enrich their culture and so on. All in all, cities want to promote the pace of their development by holding such a big event like the Olympics. Cities also have high expectations about the legacy benefits of the Games. Some of the main benefits will be identified later in this article. However, the benefits that are claimed in relation to hosting the Olympic Games are hard to measure. Those main benefits will be evaluated by taking the 2000 Sydney Olympic Games for instance. The legacy benefits of the Olympic Games can be indentified through four aspects —— political, economical, environmental and as the Olympic Games is a big sporting event, the last one should be sport. Politics had no place in the ancient games. The event was made possible in part by a truce that allowed visitors and competitors to travel to Olympia safely. During the truce there was no war, no executions, and no military action. However, although it is claimed that the modern Olympics have nothing to do with the political, many countries bid to host the Olympic Games for many political reasons under different circumstance. The best example to examine the relationship between sport and politics was the two German states during the cold war between 1945 and the early 1970s, in which period the two German states competed to host the Olympic Games in order to establish their own political authority. (Hughes, Owen, 2009). The 1972 Munich (Germany) Games was no doubt a good stage to show the rebuild Germany after the war. The Olympic Games are somehow a stage to relief the political conflicts and help the host cities change their International image. In terms of economy, it is the most important area when talking about the benefits of the Olympic Games. Cities always have high expectations to develop their economy after hosting the Olympics. Although the 1980 Moscow Olympics left a great amount of debt to the host city, the 1984 Los Angeles Olympic recovered people’s confidence. Matthewman (2009) indentified the legacy benefits of the Olympics’ economy benefits were included media exposure, employment and education training, infrastructure improving, increased trade, new investment and housing. However, the economic benefits of the Olympic Games are obviously much more than Matthewman described. There is a similar report printed by Price Waterhouse Coopers (2004) claimed that the long-term economy benefits would include: A. Improvement of city productivity (e. g. better transportation) B. Cultivate the city’s management ability to deal with International event. C. Olympic-related trade. D. Media exposure. E. New investment and more job opportunities. F. Training project. G. Tourism industry Another benefit of the Olympics could be the improvement of city environment. After the International Olympic Committee (IOC) make the environment the third strand in 1994, cities have made their efforts to deliver cleaner and greener Games. The eco-friendly event made the sustainable development theory spread all over the world. The Olympic Games make a good contribution to arousing the awareness of protecting our environment which could be beneficial to the whole human society. As the Olympic Games combined different sporting event, it is most closely related to sports in the host cities. Firstly, the sports infrastructure could be improved as cities want to hold the Olympics. This improvement can have a good impact on their athels’ training conditions, sports watching industries and provide their citizens of more sports sources. Secondly, a big sporting event can arouse people’s interest in sport. Additionally, it is good for promoting sport in the host cities as a guide to develop a health living style among its citizens. This is good for citizens’ health and their quality of life. To evaluate these benefits, the 2000 Sydney Olympic Games can be a good example. According to Cashman (2002), the Olympic Games would help the host cities acquire high international reputation in terms of politics. As Australia has a history of its nation conflicts between local residents and emigrations, the 2000 Sydney Olympic did not be supported by their citizens. However, the Olympic organisers came up with many ideas especially by designed a long-distance torch relay program in order to unit the people. This excellent torch relay project which included 11,000runners, successfully changed people’s attitude and built a conception that the 2000 Sydney Olympic is not just about Sydney, it is about Australia as a whole(Haynes, 2001). The economic benefits of the 2000 Sydney Olympic Games are hardly measured because there are so many potential areas for long-term impact. However, a 2001 Price Waterhouse Coopers report showed that Sydney has benefited from the 2000 Olympic Games a large amount of profits, which included about $3 billion from new business, $7. billion was injected for infrastructure and promoting business of New South Wales, more than $6 billion from tourism and opening their door to attract International business projects. (Matthewman, 2009) In other words, the Sydney Games had not only gained more investments and improved the city’s infrastructure; it also developed the industry of tourism and gave the ability to manage large projects. The 2000 Sydney Olympi c Games was the first time the idea of the â€Å"Green Games† was adopted. Sydney had come up with five strategies before bidding to host the Olympic Games —— save energy, save water, reduce rubbish, prevent pollution and protect the natural environment (Cashman, 2002). As the benefits on environment are difficult to identify in a short period of time, it is not likely to attribute the environmental improvement to the â€Å"Green Olympic Game† only. However, the eco-friendly idea will surely make great contribute to the city’s environment. People’s awareness was established after the â€Å"Green Game†, and it was becoming more and more popular that individuals started to take environment their own responsibility. Sport itself has obviously benefited from the Games. Firstly, the Olympic Games appeared to contribute to the sports infrastructure. Sydney had built the high-level sport facilities which combined technology and art to host the events. These sports infrastructures would improve the athletes’ training conditions and provide large sports events among counties as well. Secondly, the Sydney Olympic Games tend to arouse local people’s interest in participating sports activities. The Sweeney Sport Report 2000/2001 showed there was a significant increasing trend of sports on TV viewing. According to Haynets’s (2001) report, it is claimed that this raised participation might also lead to some other benefits, such as heath and economic. However, it is hard to know whether the citizens’ interests can last for a long time. To conclude, cities bid to host the Olympic Games for their better developments. The Olympic Games have a great impact on many areas of the hosting cities, which obviously are not restricted to the four aspects above. The benefits of host cities can gain from the Games are quite different and difficult to measure. The 2000 Sydney Olympic Games are a good example because it has won a high reputation for its successes. However, as there are always diverse proposals in different cities toward hosting the Olympics, it is important to have a detailed plan before both bidding and hosting the Games and reasonable expectations. Reference list Jill Hatnes(2001) ‘Social –economic impact of the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games’. International Chair in Olympic, Centre d’Estudies Olympics (UAB). 2001 from http://olympicstudies. uab. es/pdf/od013_eng. pdf Price Waterhouse Coopers (2004) ‘The economic impact of the Olympic Games’. European Economic Outlook, June, p. 18-19 Richard Cashman(2002) ‘Impact of the Games on Olympic host cities’. International Chair in Olympic, Centre d’Estudies Olympics (UAB). 2002 from http://olympicstudies. uab. es/lec/pdf/cashman. pdf Richard Matthewman(2009) ‘Economic impacts of Olympic Games’. July, 2009 from http://maasterpieces. com/Documents/Economic%20Impacts%20of%20Olympic%20Games. pdf R. Gerald Hughes, Rachel J. Owen (2009) ‘The Continuation of Politics by Other Means’: Britain, the Two Germanys and the Olympic Games, 1949–1972’. Contemporary European History, 18(4), pp. 443-474.

Website for Cavite State University-Silang Campus

INTRODUCTION1.1 Background of the StudyA newspaper refers to a printed publication consisting of folded unstapled sheets and containing news, feature articles, advertisements, and correspondence. It occupies an important place in our life. It plays an important role in shaping the destiny of a country. Every morning a newspaper brings up news from every corner of the world. A good newspaper is a sign of good civilization and progress of a country. It satisfies the demands of the literates, it covers a wide range of subjects like sports, advertisement, education, trade etc. the government makes important announcements only through a newspaper. It plays a very important role in a democratic country.It is a true mirror of the public opinion. The importance of newspapers can’t be ignored in the social uplift of the country. Hence, newspapers still enjoy an integral part in the society (Prajwal N., 2010). The Sumilang Group of Publications, the publisher of The Sumilang Chronicles and other scholastic newsletters, is the official publication of Cavite State University – Silang Campus. The organization is built under Republic Act No. 7079 or the Campus Journalism Act of 1991. According to Section 2 of R.A. 7079, â€Å"It is the declared policy of the State to uphold and protect the freedom of the press even at the campus level and to promote the development and growth of campus journalism as a means of  strengthening ethical values, encouraging critical and creative thinking, and developing moral character and personal discipline of the Filipino youth.In furtherance of this policy, the State shall undertake various programs and projects aimed at improving the journalistic skills of students concerned and promoting responsible and free journalism.† It is the responsibility of the organization to provide the members of the academic community with all the current news and updates happening around the campus which includes university and academic n ews, development news, community news, features, sports news, literary, opinion and photo essays. However, release of newsletter inside the university is not frequent unlike other schools, resulting to lack of information on the latest happenings inside the university.To address this problem, the proponents have come up with a proposed study to develop a website for The Sumilang Group of Publications, in which the current news and events of the university can be read and accessed anytime and anywhere by the students, faculty members, and administrators of the university.1.2 Statement of the ProblemAccording to some interviews conducted to the members of the The Sumilang Group of Publications, they are experiencing difficulties with their operations. With the traditional process in communicating with other members, they are affected in terms of reaching out to its members, thus resulting in miscommunication. The manual system of checking and passing of news articles are also affectin g the operations of the organization.Some articles are not following the proper process in proofreading, thus resulting to multiple unseen errors. As observed by the proponents, developing a website for The Sumilang Group of Publications of Cavite State University – Silang Campus will greatly benefit the organization. With this, the students, faculty members and administrators, will now have access to information on the latest news and updates inside the university online. The organization will also have the ability to import and manage their data and articles with the help of the website.1.3 ObjectivesThe general objective of this study is to create a website for The Sumilang Group of Publications of Cavite State University – Silang Campus. Also, this study has the following specific objectives: a. To design a website that will highlight the official publication of the university; b. To disseminate the latest news and events inside the university in real time; c. To d evelop the system as intended, and;d. To test and implement the system.1.4 Significance of the StudyThe project design, â€Å"Website for the Sumilang Group of Publications in Cavite State University – Silang Campus†, was developed in order to address the need of the organization in managing updates about the latest news and events happening inside the university. Also, this was intended for the rapid processing of articles to elevate their services.This study is also intended to benefit the writers of the Sumilang Group of Publications because it will let them post their articles in a more secure and convenient manner. Also, the students and instructors of Cavite State University – Silang Campus will benefit with this website because they can now coordinate and contribute in ensuring that all information found are correct and well-updated.Multitasking will also be more efficient with the help of this project design. The members will now be able to save time in submitting their articles, while other staffs and members can now handle other tasks, thus making their operations more efficient. Also, the university can save resources, time, and energy in producing accurate reports that in return, will eliminate time hindrances and data inconsistencies.As for the students and instructors that will serve as the readers, this system can assure that all data found on the website are timely and accurate; Giving the impression that the Sumilang Group of Publications is a credible organization that will result in more confidence for the members of  the organization in order for them to continue serving the academic community. Scope and LimitationThis project design is only limited in the development of a website for The Sumilang Group of Publications of Cavite State University – Silang Campus with the following features: Add, edit, and feature news articles, display news and announcements, and highlight the Sumilang Group of Publications as t he official publication of Silang Campus. In order to develop the project design, the researchers used a single unit of computer with the following specifications: Intel ® Atomâ„ ¢ processor N270 (1.60 GHz, 533 MHz FSB, 512 KB L2 cache) processor, 2GB memory and 500GB hard disk storage. For the software, the researchers used Microsoft Windows 7 Ultimate (32-bit) operating system, PHP for the scripting language, and MySQL for the database.In order to properly address the problem of the organization and to produce software that will meet certain standards, the researchers used the Rapid Application Development (RAD). RAD is a software development process used to speed the overall development time of a system. The objective of RAD is first to decrease development time, which will decrease expense, by involving end-users in every phase of the software development life cycle. There are four phases in RAD as shown in Figure 1. The first phase is requirements planning.Requirement plan ning is the process of identifying the solution to the current problem. The user design phase is the phase when the end-user gives thoughts on how the system should be designed. This would be a non-technical design. It is a local design of the system. The next phase is the construction phase, which is the actual building of the system. The final phase is the installation of the system, which is called the cutover phase. Included in this phase is the testing and training of the users.

Into the Wild by Jon Krakauer Essay

â€Å"Two years he walks the earth. No phone, no pool, no pets, no cigarettes. Ultimate freedom. An extremist. An aesthetic voyager whose home is THE ROAD,† (163) and with those words, Chris McCandless declared his independence and walked into the wild bush of Alaska in May 1992. Little did he know that in three short months, his decaying remains would be found by moose hunters, only a few miles from where he began his journey along the Stampede Trail. Chris McCandless’s story, which was retold in John Krakaur’s book, Into the Wild, is a true testament to the idea of freedom and independence that has powered the foundation of American society. Chris McCandless had always marched to the beat of his own drummer, as did many American heroes. Even when he was a child, Chris was known for being overly adventurous and a little less than cautious. This great sense of adventure frightened Chris’s family and friends ever since they noticed it when he was just a child. Because of this, his parents were horrified, but not completely shocked, when one day Chris departed from his typical life in Atlanta, Georgia and was never heard from by his family again. As a graduate of Emory College, Chris’s future potential would have been almost unlimited; he had so much ahead of him but threw it all away and spent the rest of his life on the road. What McCandless was searching for by leaving his safe life cannot be easily understood by most, but many transcendentalists shared a similar understanding of Chris’s â€Å"call to nature. Transcendentalism rejects typical culture or society and is often marked by a love of nature and a pursuit for a greater meaning of life. Many parallels can be drawn between Chris McCandless’s story and the stories from authors such as Walt Whitman. Many transcendentalists like Walt Whitman and Chris McCandless turn to the open road to get a better understanding of life, but in doing this, Chris puts his â€Å"secure future† in jeopardy by abandoning his former identity, giving up all of his possessions, and relying solely on the land. Chris gives up his life of security when he decides to alter his whole identity. Although Chris was raised in a seemingly tight knit family, in college he discovered that his parents’ marriage was the result of an affair, and his father maintained a bigamous relations for two years (121). After that discovery, Chris started to resent his parents, especially his father. His absolute anger towards his parents is what finally caused Chris to completely cut them off from his life as he ventured into the wild. In his two years being away from home, Chris’s family never heard from him once; even his sister, Carine, who was very close to Chris, never spoke to him again. Chris’s sudden absence in his family’s life hurt each member deeply. His father even questions, â€Å"How is it that a kid with so much compassion could cause his parents so much pain? † (104). Although he knew he was hurting his family by leaving, Chris’s lack of concern for his family members stemmed from the hurt he felt that they each caused him. Walt Whitman’s character in Song of the Open Road does not find it as easy as Chris did to leave the past behind. The speaker of the poem writes, â€Å"Still here I carry my old delicious burdens, I carry them, men and women, I carry them with me wherever I go. † This line shows that the author still carries memories and feelings from his old life with him on a daily basis, which exemplifies how hard they are to forget. This regretful attitude contrasts to that of Chris’s in that the speaker doesn’t want to completely leave the past behind but desires to recall his memories during future journeys. Not only did Chris directly cut off his family in order to leave his old life behind, but he also adopted a pseudonym that he felt was more fitting to his new personality. Kraukauer describes Chris’s final transformation and says, â€Å"No longer would he answer to Chris McCandless; he was now Alexander Supertramp, master of his own destiny† (23). This new, outrageous name truly enabled Chris to leave his past of reason and safety behind and move forward to his new life of freedom and adventure. Not only did Chris completely alter his identity but his absolute resignation of worldly positions also put his future safety at risk. Before leaving for his journey and without his parents’ knowledge, Chris donated his entire college fund containing 25,000 dollars to OXFAM, a hunger relief charity (20). This gesture really proves Chris’s complete release of security and lack of consideration for worldly possessions. After starting his long journey with no money, Chris almost immediately abandoned his old yellow Datsun in a riverbed in the Lake Mead National Recreation area. He decided to do this after a flash flood wets the cars engine as a result of his failure to acknowledge the flood zone warning signs. In reality, Chris could have found a way to save his car but instead was exhilarated by the event and saw it as â€Å"an opportunity to shed unnecessary baggage† (29). At the same time, Chris burned his last small amount of money and â€Å"one hundred and twenty-three dollars was promptly reduced to ash and smoke† (29). After this, Chris’s journey was one that literally started from nothing; He had no money, no car, no food, and no one but himself. Chris’s dire need to get rid of every worldly possession greatly endangered his life. The speaker in Walt Whitman’s poem agrees with Chris’s opinion that worldly possessions are unimportant. When the speaker says, â€Å"You shall not heap up what is call’d riches, you shall scatter with lavish hand all that you earn or achieve,† he is expressing his belief that wealth should be shared among many and not kept for one individual. Chris really exemplifies this concept by donating all of his money to those who were less fortunate than him. Chris’s last major risk to his life and security is his trip to Alaska. After a year and a half of traveling around the United States, Chris finally planned his trip to Alaska, which had always been his utmost goal. Chris went into his journey extremely ill equipped for the harsh months that would lie ahead of him in the Alaskan bush. Jim Gallien, an experienced woodsman who gave Chris a ride to the Stampede Trail, described Chris as having nowhere near as much food and gear as would be expected for that kind of trip (4). The only food Chris brought with him was a ten-pound bag of rice; he planned on shooting the rest of his food with a gun that by Gallien’s standards was too small to kill any major game. When questioned repeatedly on his plans for survival, Chris confidently assured Gallien, â€Å"I am absolutely positive I won’t run into anything I cant deal with on my own† (6). Chris’s overconfident attitude is what angered many experienced woodsman who replied to Krakauer’s first article about Chris. They complained that Chris was just foolish and naive for thinking he could take on Alaska alone with almost no experience or gear. One Alaskan hunter even states that only one word can sum up Chris McCandless: incompetent (177). Chris didn’t see his life like this however. He felt prepared and excited for anything the world could throw at him. His completely believed in himself and lived by the notion that nothing or no one could discourage him from his journey. The speaker in Walt Whitman’s poem is extremely similar to Chris McCandless in the sense that they both lived to travel the â€Å"open road† in order to experience life to the fullest. Whitman’s speaker says, â€Å"Afoot and light-hearted I take to the open road, healthy, free, the world before me, the long brown path before me leading wherever I choose. Both the speaker and Chris have an idealized view of living on the road and will not let anything deter them from it. Throughout his early life, Chris somewhat conformed to the traditional values and ideals encouraged by his parents and society. It wasn’t until he grew older that he decided to act upon his yearning escape it all and to travel and live in nature. He left his old, secure life behind for one filled with adventure, mystery, and danger. This action, which was looked down upon by many members of society, directly relates Chris to transcendentalist beliefs like those of Walt Whitman. Chris put his safety and security on the line by renouncing his former name, giving up worldly possessions, and venturing out in dangerous in foreign territory and these choices ultimately caused him his life. Even though it may not have been seen as sensible by many, Chris created his own path in life, and although it led to his death, the nomadic experience was what he always desired. Chris writes at the beginning of his final decent into nature, â€Å"No longer to be poisoned by civilization he flees, and walks alone upon the land to become Lost in the Wild† (163).

Franchise Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Franchise - Research Paper Example The agreement is based on the periodic loyalty payments made by the franchisee to the franchise, in regards to the revenue generated from the business operation (Rupert et al, 2008). In the context of selecting the appropriate franchise, various factors are considered, which include the requirements, its market viability, competition among other factors. Therefore, as a started, it is financially rational to select a franchise with reasonable investment requirement (Mendelsohn, 2010, p.120). In Richmond, Indiana, there are numerous franchises already operating. One of the rarely seen but viable business opportunities is the Archive IT franchise. This is one of the potentially profitable franchises with many suitable features. Archive IT is in a category comprising the emerging industry franchises. Archive IT franchise’s deals with the provision of document archiving and digital scanning among other computer related services. Their systems allow for record conservations, secure cloud access and the option of searching text stored. The mission of the company is to enable other businesses to handle the issue of data and information storage in a more advanced manner. The operating philosophy of the franchise is that in the near past, most companies have been struggling with the aspect of data storage in paper work. Considering the next few years, many companies will go paperless. Therefore, this franchise aims at providing the best solution to the older resource intensive data handling methods. This corporation began franchising in 2011. This franchiser is currently selling franchises throughout the US. The total investment required from the franchisee ranges between $66, 350- $196, 300. The exact amount of the investment depends on many factors including the geographical location of the franchisee and the infrastructure proximity of the business. Franchise fee is $ 25, 000, with a periodic royalty fee of 5% of the total revenue

Hosting the Olympics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Hosting the Olympics - Assignment Example The second category is the benefit of receiving international attention through media coverage. The last long term economic benefit is related to the community; there will be formation of educational and youth programs, there will also be formation of jobs for a number of individuals in the country. Some local volunteer programs will also be formed. Thereafter, there will be formation of community development programs. All the details of both the short term and long term benefits will be examined in the subsequent portions of the essay. (Segrave, 1998) Short term economic benefits may be defined as the total changes that will occur in terms of employment, revenue and total national output through outside investments. The first economic impact will result form the fact that the host country will be required to produce more goods and services to cater for the additional numbers. The consumers of those gods are most likely going to be the athletes themselves and their officials. There will also be international spectators and national spectators that will need to consume additional industrial products. It is a matter of fact that the event will need to be covered by media personalities both nationally and internationally. These groups will need to consume goods made by the host country. The Olympics themselves have representatives in the host country and they will need to consume commodities. Lastly, there will be numerous sponsors attending the event and they will also be required to purchase commodities. The total sum of additional revenue that will come from the sale of commodities produced by the host country's industries to the above mentioned groups will make up a huge chunk of the direct economic benefits coming form hosting the Olympics. There may be some visitors that will still be interested in seeing the host country's sites during the Olympic Games and after. There can be huge amounts of revenue received from those visits. Research conducted in this area has indicated that a host country can earn up to 823 million dollars out of the visitors who may come to visit the host country within the first twenty days prior to the event and twenty days after the event. This is also topped up by some new businesses that may be created as direct result of the Olympics and this can bring about a total of 1.1 billion dollars. (Reinberger, 1988) Employment is another great economic benefit that will come as a result of hosting the event. One cannot underestimate the level of job creation that an event of such magnitude can bring to the host country. The employment opportunities may either be part time or full time. An economic estimate in Atlanta, Georgia (a State that held the Olympics) found that about seventy seven thousand new jobs were created. Forty seven percent of this figure came from the direct spending made by visitors in the host nation. There are certain industries that will benefit more than others in this regard. The lodging and hotel industry will take up the largest portion of those new jobs. The second most important industry is the food industry, it should also be noted that bars or other facilities offering drinks also fall in that category. The third category of industries that will also benefit from new jobs will be the retail sector and the

The Formation of Channel and Floodplain Habitats Essay

The Formation of Channel and Floodplain Habitats - Essay Example The abundance of LW in stream channels is an indication of the intimate association of river ecosystems with the surrounding terrestrial environment (Naiman and Bilby 1998, Naiman and Dà ©camps 1997). Understanding this relationship is crucial in river basin management. Large wood abundance in the watershed depends on channel size, channel type, and the surrounding riparian forest. LW is more abundant in small channels on a per unit area basis because LW is easily transported in larger channels; it follows that whilst abundance in large channels is lower, the average LW sizes are bigger (Bilby and Ward 1989). LW is also more abundant where the stream channel is unconstrained and has fine substrate compared to constrained channels with boulder substrate (Bilby and Wasserman 1989). Moreover, LW is more abundant in forests where conifers are dominant compared to forests where hardwoods are dominant because conifers are larger making them less transient (Harmon et al., 1986). The abundance of LW is also more pronounced where the forest is mature than in forest dominated by young stands of small hardwoods (Bilby and Ward 1991). Woodland river ecosystems in their natural and pristine conditions are surrounded by riparian forest and have multiple channels. Over the years, the anthropogenic disturbance has greatly reduced riparian forest cover, the topography graded for agricultural purposes, and rivers were constrained by levees into a single channel (Caroll & Robinson, 2007; Florsheim & Mount, 2002). Other than forest denudation, this also has deleterious effects on the morphological development of stream and the stream biota.  

Management Accounting & Activity Based Costing Essay

Management Accounting & Activity Based Costing - Essay Example production process encompasses various activities such as operation of machines, maintaining the machinery, as well as supervising the production process. Operators operate the machines; maintenance mechanics perform the machine set ups and maintain machines when molding and the supervisors provide supervision for the maintenance mechanics and machine operators. Other activities include building, administration and sales. The resources used include energy for the set-up and molding process by the molding machines. Machines consume 6.3KW of energy on an hourly basis. Also, other consumable shop supplies like lubricants and hoses form the major resources within the company. A cost driver refers to characteristics of events or activities which results in business incurring costs. Activity based costing have the products consuming activities and the activities consume the resources (Kallunki& Hanna 2008, p. 62-79). In the case study above, the production process has the number of orders and number of set up machines as the cost drivers.The Cost drivers for machine operation include the number of the operators and machines available. Machine maintenance cost drivers include the number of machines to be maintained and the number of technicians. The supervision cost drivers include the number of supervisors and number of people to supervise. Cost drivers for the building include insurance and rent costs. Number of machine hour in production may be used in calculating the rate of machine hour relating to repair, depreciation and maintenance processes. Also, the production process will have the number of inspections as the cost drivers. In making of the product, inspection for quality evaluation requires the appointment of experts who consume money in terms of salary, travel, electricity, as well as the depreciation of the equipment. The overheads may be calculated based on the number of tests. Each batch requires 4 tests, and suppose the available batches are 200,

Configuring, Communicating and Delivering Value Essay

Configuring, Communicating and Delivering Value - Essay Example In other words we are going to deal with the whole marketing mix of the sporting goods footwear products. Thus now onwards we may be using the marketing concepts related to the product itself while as earlier the customer was under focus. The value of a product or a service can be created by defining it. That is, what our product is and how it is going to satisfy the needs of customers. The value configuration phase includes three parts ─ product, brand and price of the product. Defining our product is very essential in order to position it in the minds of customers. According to Know This.com, marketing starts with the product since it is what an organization has to offer its target market. Product in other words is the solution to the problems of the customer. These solutions include tangible or intangible (or both) product offerings marketed by an organization. Another importance of the product in marketing is that it generates revenue for the company. It is the â€Å"thing† that companies sell in order to realize profits and satisfy stakeholders. There should be a well developed product strategy which is compatible with the target market to succeed in the long run. Because of these two reasons, we must define our product. But our aim here is to create a value for our product offering. We have to take into consideration various factors which can help us create a value which will be later communicated and delivered to the customers. In other words before communicating the offering, it should be made worth communicating. First of all the product is to be categorized. According to Pride, William M. and Ferrell, O.C., 2005, there are two general categories of product ─ Consumer products and Business products. As far as sporting goods market is considered it can be targeted with both consumer as well as business products. Pricing, distribution and promotion of a product depends

Comparison and Contrast - TV Commercial Analysis Essay

Comparison and Contrast - TV Commercial Analysis - Essay Example The ability to attract the opposite sex gives an individual a unique sense of happiness and confidence, which perhaps provide a boost to his success. Hence this concept of beauty has now been extended to men as well especially with metro sexuality in vogue. Despite some ethical arguments, the advertisements of fairness creams and products have been popular amongst the Asians and almost all beauty brands have catered to this segment with the help of fairness lotions and creams. The recent ‘Emami Fair & Handsome’ TV commercial has been taken up as the exhibit to be analyzed in order to depict how good looks can change one’s lifestyle and even career almost overnight. The idea of using such products is no longer a female’s domain. The advertisement depicts girls admiring fair looks in their man of choice rather than vice versa. The paper will therefore bring up a comparison of how the male models and female models are presented in terms of their movements and reactions to the product advertised and using icons like the reputed Bollywood actor Shahrukh Khan makes this larger than life truth more convincing. In my opinion, such advertisements have managed to ease out the gender differences in terms of concepts of looks. A young girl was supposed to be fair in order to gain attention of his male partner as portrayed in previous fairness advertisements but this commercial promotes the metro sexual image of a man where the skin color would play a similar role. Irrespective of gender differences, fairness of the skin promises to change one’s a) public image which decides success and b) look that gives confidence, but c) promotes discrimination on grounds of racism The main idea promoted by the 60 seconds television advertisement is the fact that fairness, which has once been, portrayed as a requirement for the female and dark skin a shame is now applicable even for men. However using such products or looking fair does not take away thei r manliness and hence gone is the concept of ‘tall, dark and handsome’. The advertisement here portrays Shahrukh Khan enacting a film scene where he fights with sword and even rescues a woman, portraying chivalry. The woman is struck by the glow of his skin and stares at him. When he enters amidst a big crowd of audience, people especially the girls, cheer for him. They almost rush and gather around him. While walking down the carpet, he notices a dark skinned young boy staring in awe at the actor. All the young girls are flocking to the middle aged icon with glowing fairness instead of the young boy who looks amazed at his popularity. He is a little shy because of his dark skin and hence does not have the confidence to mingle with the others and enjoy like them. His dark skin also seems too dark which makes him stand out from the crowd and nobody seems to notice him apart from the actor. As the boy watches his icon’s popularity and ability to perform like the he ro as well as be the girls’ favorite outside his shoot, he is ashamed of his dark skin and this is identified by the icon who hands over the secret of his success, the ‘Emami Fair & Handsome’ facial cream which changes his fate instantly. The next scene finds the boy with a fair skin and he walks down the carpet like his icon with beautiful female models running towards him and embracing him. Everything seems like a dream come true and at this point it is difficult to recognize any difference between reality and illusion

E-commerce, ebay and online auction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

E-commerce, ebay and online auction - Essay Example The transfer of goods is mediated via computer network. The value of transactions being carried out online has increased tremendously and many organizations such as E-bay are fully operating based on e-commerce while others have taken it as a partial means for distributing and marketing their goods. There are many forms of e-commerce networks and these include Business-to-Business, Business-to-Government, Mobile-Commerce, Business-to-Consumer, and Consumer-to-Consumer. This paper looks at E-bay as a model for companies which have taken up e-commerce and successfully implemented it in their operations (Cronin, 2000; Tapscott, et al., 2000). E-bay and E-commerce This is an internet based company from US and operates on a Consumer-to-Consumer e-commerce platform. Its main mode of operation is based on online auction and website for shopping where sellers advertise and sell their products and customers get to shop and buy products online. Its origin is based on a dot.com bubble of the 90 s and has developed into a multi-billion company with international operations, some of which have been localized in many countries (eBay, n.d). The company deals in many categories of products, which are vividly displayed on its website at www.ebay.com. These product categories include fashion stores; motors; electronics; collectibles and art; interior designs and outdoors and decor; entertainment; deals and gifts; brands; and has the classified section. An interesting phenomenon about this company is how it has managed to bring its suppliers on board in that the suppliers have their products advertised on the e-bay website where customers and potential clients can shop and buy. When it comes to its operations as far as e-commerce is concerned, this company has employed some of the most sophisticated means of doing business online. The ‘set-time’ auction process was restructured and expanded to include ‘Buy It Now’ standard shopping; has used shopping via SKU through the half.com; classifieds advertisements such as kijiji; online ticketing for events through the StubHub; electronic money transfers with companies such as PayPal; and small seller options where a seller with a single product can still be linked and sell via eBay to the customer in need of the product (eBay, n.d). The company has gone further to bring on board IT software experts or the applications developers. This has been done through the selling manager applications (SM Apps) option where approved developers are able to fully integrate the applications they have developed to interface with e-bay. These applications are then subscribed to by willing buyers by eBay members that need selling managers. It also does manage specialty sites. One of its prominent specialty sites is eBay pulse which gives consumers information on the searches listed as popular, gives trends in shopping, and lists the items that are most watched. It also has chat rooms, reviews, discussion boa rds, answer center and guides for consumers. Some more exciting feature is the most-unusual items specialty where people who use are able to cast their votes and could also nominate items that they could include on the list. Online auctions offered by eBay take different forms and customers choose depending on their interest. These include auction-style listing where a seller places items for sale and selects a given number of

Unifying Forces in East Asia and the role that Versailles Conference Essay

Unifying Forces in East Asia and the role that Versailles Conference played in the development of Asian nationalism - Essay Example In addition, its proximity in terms of geographical outlook has enabled it access its goods and services with a lot of ease. This is a sign of unity that is deeply rooted in the entire region of East Asia in terms of bringing new inventions and technological advancements, receiving information, and letting it be in a constant unity with its neighboring economies thorough getting involved in direct investments. As a result, it has been seen how a long-established flying geese, a form of monetary relations between Japan and East Asia, has ended up as a unifying factor of regionalization. East Asian Culture is further noted as a unifying factor. In this, one sees how common orientation Confucianism and, on the other hand, Buddhism are a unifying force amongst them. Other sub expanses within the East Asian communalities are deeply rooted in linguistic similarity as well as ethnic ties that join them together. Northern China, Southern Korea, Southern China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong amongst o ther East Asian countries have all embraced ethnicity as a unifying factor. They have a logic regional consciousness, mutual interest, identity and common destiny existing amongst them. These are amongst the unifying forces that have immensely tried to unify the entire East Asian communities. However, according to Calder (134-157), this is never the case between US and Japan, as he thinks that the relationship between the countries is deteriorating as they quest for global ambitions. Additionally, these communities have constructed a more articulate Pacific Regional identity, something that has been so significant in improving unity amongst the East Asian states. In another new look, development of Asian nationalisms was greatly influenced by Versailles Conference, a peace conference that was held in 1919. This conference took place after the war, and it had to bring peace within the Asian territory as well as rebuild nationalism at the same time. The peace conference united a number of countries in Asia after the First World War that has separated so many of them. It is imperative to understand that not all countries in Asia embraced the Versailles Conference. In fact, China as a country did not sign the Versailles Treaty but rather preferred walking out of the plan because of its grievances and betrayal that it felt. China was involved in anti-Japanese protest and finally left the Versailles Treaty. Versailles treaty had a greater role in Asian nationalism. For instance, after Japan had succeeded in leading most of Asian undertakings, this peace treaty brought about unity that had long been dreamt of. Asia as a nation had been deprived of personal ruling at the continent because of the influence and authority of power that the powerful Western countries inflicted on them. Step by step, through this treaty, a great unity was implemented. It is after this treaty that a stream of new ideologies including missionary based assistance came into place. In order to achieve a great nationalism in Asia, the people had to embrace new ideas that could assist their economy and education to rise to the required standard. The Versailles Treaty itself had provisions that for sure enabled Asia to rise and recover their nationalism. For instance, Germany, which is regarded as a colonial power, had responsibilities to undertake after The First World War. It had to respect the independence of Australia and other countries while at the same time surrendering its rights and entitlement over other

Utilitarianism Theory Essay Example for Free

Utilitarianism Theory Essay Utilitarianism is a moral theory generally considered to have been founded by Jeremy Bentham, a 19th century English philosopher and social reformer. It is centered on the concept of happiness, and those who seek it. The idea is that all people seek happiness, and that it is the ultimate goal of all human beings to be happy. Therefore, according to classical utilitarianism, when a person wishes to act in an ethically sound manner he or she should strive to bring about the greatest possible amount of happiness for the greatest possible amount of people. This is known as the greatest happiness attitude. Another, similar idea is that a person should always strive, if incapable of producing happiness, to reduce unhappiness. As the theory is wholly focused on the outcome of a person’s actions, it is classed as a â€Å"consequentialist† theory, i.e. a theory that concerns it with consequences and not actions in themselves. Utilitarianism can be seen as a highly mathematical theorem, looking at the total units of happiness that a particular action gives rise to. For instance, I might want to go out and have drinks with some friends and my boyfriend or I could find something more family oriented and do something fun with my son and my boyfriend. Consider that my son is only little for a short time, would I rather have drinks and regret the hang over later or share a memory with my little boy. Taking my son out for a night might add 10 units of happiness to the world’s total stock, whereas going out for drinks would only add a total of 6. Certainly, the latter would make a greater quantity of people happy (the former only benefiting one person), but it is the quantity of happiness produced that is of the first importance to utilitarianists. But let us look more closely at Bentham’s utilitarianism. To understand his approach more fully, it is vital that one come to an appreciation of exactly what he meant by â€Å"happiness†. His ideas here are, really, quite simple. Bentham thought that we should look at happiness as being based on pleasure. Naturally, it follows from this that he also felt that we should treat unhappiness as something consisting of pain. This view on happiness has led his particular brand of utilitarianism to be seen as a hedonistic theory. Furthermore, Bentham did not distinguish between different forms of pleasure. To him, anything that gave rise to happiness – be it drugs or reading – was fundamentally good. Other philosophers have striven to develop Bentham’s  theories further. One of the more notable of these is John Stuart Mill, who sought to distinguish between what he termed â€Å"higher† and â€Å"lower† pleasures. Mill disagreed with Bentham’s all-inclusive view on pleasure, feeling that there was a fundamental difference between the varying forms of pleasure available to people, and that some had a finer quality than others. It was Mill who put forth the notion that it is â€Å"better to be Socrates dissatisfied than a fool satisfied†. Mill’s idea was fairly straightforward, namely that while there are many simple, sensual pleasures in life, such as eating or drinking, there are also certain pleasures which are of a more cerebral nature, such as listening to classical music or reading poetry. According to Mill, these latter pleasures are of a greater quality, and should therefore be considered more important. He posited that someone who has experienced both forms of pleasure would naturally feel inclined to choose the higher pleasures. For instance, a man who is familiar with both tasty food and good poetry would view the latter as something more valuable than the former. This is a fairly straightforward exploration of the most common forms of utilitarianism. The most important thing to remember about these theories is that they are consequentialist and, above all else, that they are concerned with the greater good. Utilitarianists don’t care about your personal agenda or whether your actions happen to hurt some people. As long as the eventual results of your actions lead to more pleasure than pain, you’re in the clear. There were a number of things Mill did to change Utilitarianism. Mill said: â€Å"Better to be a human dissatisfied than a pig satisfied; better to be a Socrates dissatisfied than a fool satisfied.† Mill also linked Utilitarianism with Christian morality. He connected the theory with the teachings of Jesus. He said that the ‘ideal perfection of utilitarian morality’ was abiding by the ‘Golden Rule’-‘Do onto others as you have them do to you.’ This made many more people accept Utilitarianism as it linked with their religion. Rules were introduced into Utilitarianism by Mill. The rules introduced were ones that generally brought about the greatest happiness for the greatest number. For example, Mill argued that society needs the principal of truthfulness as it brings the most happiness on the long run. Utilitarianism is a theory that Christians can relate to. Mill brought it closer to the Christian church by introducing Rule Utilitarianism. This would be closer to the principals Jesus lived by. For  example, it was against the Jewish law to work on the Sabbath but when people were in need, Jesus bent this rule and healed them. The largest connection Christianity has with Utilitarianism is the death of Jesus. He was crucified and died for the sins of mankind-sacrificing himself for the majority. However, Utilitarianism does accept evil where Christianity most certainly does not.

Reviewing The Hobbies Of Home Cooking Media Essay

Reviewing The Hobbies Of Home Cooking Media Essay Cooking has always been a good hobby for people and part of relaxing and fun entertainment for some category of people. There is always something new to be learnt about cooking and its all about creativity and making a better taste of bland materials. It has been one of the humans interests since the beginning of their creation and has always been improved. Some people argue that cooking will be a thing of the past like many other humans past hobbies which have changed by the change of technology. Cooking at home will never be a thing of the past because many cultures continue their cooking traditions and it is more economical and healthier. Some people prefer eating outside because its easier and more convenient but cooking at home is becoming a hobby for most people. During history nations have created dishes that are special and delicious. Their decedents have learnt these dishes and got so attached to them. This is one big reason why cooking at home wont be a thing of the past. Its exactly like how do people always stick to their lands and they always go back to them no matter how long have they been away, they will always stick to their traditional food and their traditions of cooking at home no matter how much do they eat outside they will always go back to their roots and to the original way of cooking which is at home. For an example, its well known in the Arabic world that the Arabic men will never accept the idea of eating out side the house the whole time and not getting home made food at all. The reason behind this is because all Arabic mothers try to pamper their kids by cooking for them the food at home considering it as the healthiest way and the cleanest way of all. So they are used to a specific standard of food and they also feel like it is a way of care giving. Another example is the Japanese home cooking. In general, the Japanese nation is exceptionally healthy and lives much longer than any other civilization in the humankind. Why is this? Loads of people point it to the way they eat. They cook at home a lot. They use healthy delicious and very useful ingredients from the nature. They like to take advantage of everything god blessed mankind with. They will never give up on their on home cooking because they consider it a source of joy and a way of remaining healthy and a way of living longer. Some cultures look at cooking as an art and at cooks as artists. Once people declare that cooking is a fine art, they are just saying the truth. They dont come across cooking as an odd job, and they seem to see it as a mode of expressing peoples ingenuity. They appear to look at it as a method to state peoples originality. They look at the food they make, as their personal preparation and not only are they taking self-importance in their kitchens, they as well fall in love with the challenge it put forwards.( williamm,22 March 22, 2010) Each culture enjoys its way of cooking, its meals and food in general. For lots of people it is a joy and something they will never leave or stop. People will keep on cooking no matter what because human in their nature they get bored and thats a thing in all cultures. So we cant just eat outside the whole time or eat packed food or prepared food or frozen food. People will always want to eat something they know or to eat something they have cooked even if they are not great cooks but they long for that a lot. The quality of the food greatly affects peoples health. Many people prefer cooking at home because it makes them feel great and have lots of energy. There are few more reasons, why cooking at home has been so important for the health. It helps to have a strong immune system ,so people can stay in healthy weight and look slim and trim and physically fit .To avoid certain diseases known to be a related to diet and nutrition, particularly cancer, heart disease, stroke, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes and obesity, we need safe and clean food. Eating a balance of healthy foods that contain carbohydrate, protein, and fat every day will help blood glucose stay in balance. It is also very important to have full knowledge over the quality of food and utensils. All ingredients, while people cooking, should be fresh and utensils should be the best quality. The World Health Organization predicts that depression will be the second highest cause of the global disease problem by 2020. It is clear, that eating fast food thereby increasing stress and tension and reducing joy and liveliness. It is a fact that eating vegetables, fruits and well cooked fish helps to prevent depression. What humans eat controls the levels of brain chemicals, which regulate behavior (Gutierrez, 2009). Cooking salads at home is very healthy. For instance, it is proven that eating just a few ounces of broccoli each day can reduce a humans risk of ulcers and stomach cancer, as well as eating cabbage, kale, mustard seed and rocket, amongst others. Research has also shows, that broccoli and other vegetables may not only prove to play important role in many cancers, it could be effective treatment as well (Adams, 2008). There are many healthy techniques to cook like stir -frying, boiling and steaming. Stir-frying, which is very common in Asia, means cutting food into small pieces, putting them in a pan with very little oil and cooking them very quickly at a very high heat. Because it is one of the fastest ways to cook, rich of vitamins, such as broccoli and carrots, contain more nutrients, as well as their texture and colour. Also stir-fry recipe requires only two to three tablespoons of oil. This small amount of oil can cook big chicken and any veggies. One of the most popular techniques is boiling. Boiling food involves no fat, so in a sense it is healthy. Therefore, the water that the food is boiled in is actually healthier and it can be used for other purposes, such as using it as stock or for making soup. This water is extremely nutrient rich. Boiling food is a safe way of ensuring that all disease-causing bacteria in the water or the food are destroyed. Boiling water for a few minutes kills most bacteria, amoeba and other microbial pathogens. It can help prevent illnesses such as cholera, dysentery and other diseases caused by micro-organisms. As for food, boiling makes it is easy to classify. Boiling food on a high flame changes the shape of the food being cooked, while boiling on a low flame helps retain the shape. Some people believe steaming is the best way to go. Steaming preserves the vitamins and minerals in foods. It is also healthy, because it is does not require any oils or fats. Steam can actually help melt some of the excess fats in foods, which end up in the water that was heated to make the steam. When people using this technique, it is also less danger of consuming carcinogens that are present in blackened foods. Eating outside is more expensive than eating inside. The cost of the items is different for the same quantity. The statement eating out saves much time and money cannot be convinced (Jeff D Gorman, n.d). And that makes logical sense; we pay more in fast food restaurants than cooking at home for the same things. People are looking at the quantity. Were spending the same amount of time in both at home and at restaurants. At home, we shop for the ingredients and prepare our food and afterwards we clean the dishes. At restaurants, we either wait for our table to get ready, wait for the food to arrive and afterwards we wait for the restaurant to bring out the check (MetaFilter Network Inc, 1999). In a short term perspective, it may seem that dining out can be cost-effective and convenient. But in a long term perspective, it doesnt matter whether its convenient or not, but itll be very cost-effective (Christian Science Monitor, 2010). Most of the people who cant afford pricey things prefer to eat at home because they know it is cheaper. They wont complain about being mentally tired as long as the saved the money in their wallets. For a restaurant to make profit they need to put all the costs for their expenditure in the meals. They include the rent, employees salaries, and the maintenance bills in the meals. And add a little more to get the profit out of it. Now if someone knew this, how can they explain that its cheaper to eat out when youre paying for things you can do yourself and for things that probably does not concern you, and also for the same amount of time? Buying five pieces of chicken breasts for ten dirhams at a grocery store like Spinneys is much cheaper than ord ering a combo meal of chicken and rice from a fast food outlet for fifteen dirhams. The combo meal will last only for that day while the five pieces for chicken breast will last for three meals if the person is willing to do so. Even if we eat the cheapest food available, such as Chinese takeout, we can feed up to five people with the same amount of money we would spend for the meal to feed ourselves. Even if shopping takes a lot of time comparing when eating at a restaurant, we arent earning or saving any money when we are saving time from shopping. The majority of articles and books and talk about managing your budget when it comes to eating out against eating in would claim that eating out would make your money stretch. Also eating at home would depend all on how you buy your ingredients. It depends on if you buy in a bulk, with coupons, or buying premium meat or standard. It makes logical sense that companies are still selling food ingredients in supermarkets and people are still cooking at home. Dining out is for those going out on a special occasion. One reason to eat outside instead of cooking in the house is because its more convenient and easier to get. specially for that category of people who are lazier and more busy and prefer to not spend their time for cooking and preparing its material as they believe its more time consuming .This category of people believes it is always more convenient to go and get whatever they want and save a lot of time by not cooking. In first sight it may seem that eating outside is more convenient but it is actually more complicated and stressful than it look likes. By considering time people spend standing in the food cues, waiting for their meal and finding an appropriate place to sit and serve their meal will all count part of the time they spend to have a meal outside. In addition, stress and aggressiveness that people may get out of communicating with other people are all part of hassle of eating outside. In conclusion, eating will never be a thing of past because its one of humans life necessities and its more beneficial for human to keep their habit alive as it will be more economical, healthy and cultural.

Charles Dickens Hard Times Essay examples -- Charles Dickens Hard Tim

Charles Dickens' Hard Times The book "Hard Times" was written in 1854. It was written in weekly instalments in a magazine called Household Words. This is like a normal soap but was weekly. The magazine was owned by Charles Dickens as he was a journalist. The book was written at the time of the Industrial Revolution. This was when factories were being built near major towns and cities such as Manchester, Liverpool and Birmingham. The Industrial Revolution was a time when there were big improvements in transport as there was vast expansion in the production of iron. The factories were in the towns so people from the countryside came to the towns for work and a house. They moved because their own mills weren't making enough items of clothing etc whereas the factories could mass produce. However, there weren't enough houses so many were hastily built. This meant they had no fresh water, no sewers and no toilets. This led to a poor quality of living where people got water from communal water pipes and put their waste in a big "pile" which was cleaned by a "waste disposal man". The poor quality of living was added to by the huge smoke clouds which hung over the cities. This "smog" made it hard to breathe and was so bad seeing things became harder. The book starts when Dickens introduces the characters; the first two chapters are short yet are scene-setters. Dickens explains that; Mr Gradgrind - a politician and schools owner, Mr McChoakumchild - a new teacher and Another man - we are not told who the man is or why he is present, are in a classroom full of children. Dickens describes Mr Gradgrind as being a square man and Mr McChoakumchild as a school teacher who was fresh for the factory which "mak... ...r those concerned. This is alike real life where people we meet can be different, alien like or how might we say normal. In "Hard Times" Dickens' does write realistically in a sense. However, in the first two chapters he writes in a more exaggerated way to arouse interest in the book. As this was written in weekly instalments he would have wanted to excite his readers with interesting first chapters so that they continue to buy the magazine. I think that after the first couple of chapter when Dickens' has an interested audience he starts to write in a more realistic fashion. In conclusion, life didn't turn out the way that was expected by many characters in "Hard Times." Those who strived to have perfect children didn't. And those who were looked down on proved to be essential characters in finding that there was more to life than what they were taught.

Serial Killers Essay -- Essays Papers

Serial Killers Serial killers kill because of three patterns we see develop throughout their lives. These patterns are the development of youthful characteristics and habits, abusing events in their lives, and the final push. To be qualified as a serial killer one must murder more than three victims, one at a time, in a relatively short time period. The most common serial killers are white, heterosexual, sexually frustrated, young adult males with low self-esteem. Lester Ballard, the main character in Child of God, by Cormac McCarthy, displays these patterns as I have found it described in texts on serial killers. The earliest warning signs of serial killers can be traced back to their childhood. It is believed that the mind of a murderer is charged with a turbulence of emotions stored from early childhood (Abrahamsen 18). When these often repressed emotions are activated, the mind, particularly when aroused or frustrated, becomes violent, and so it is that a person who may appear quite normal and well adjusted on the surface, becomes possessed by a mind that murders (Abrahamsen 18). The study of 36 incarcerated killers by Robert Ressler, Ann Burgess, and John Douglas, which can be found in their book Sexual Homicide Patterns and Motives, found many common behavior indicators in their childhoods. These behaviors include daydreaming, compulsive masturbation, isolation, chronic lying, bed wetting, rebelliousness, nightmares, destroying property, fire setting stealing, cruelty to children, poor body image, temper tantrums, sleep problems, display assault toward adults, phobias, ru nning away, cruelty to animals, accident prone, headaches, destroying possessions, eating problems, convulsions, and... ...nd. New York: Harper and Row, 1973. Bardsley, Marilyn. Jeffrey Dahmer. Dark Horse Multimedia, 2000. Bell, Rachel. The Crime Library: Everything You Need to Know About Ted Bundy. Dark Horse Multimedia Inc, 2001. Mendoza, Antonio. Internet Crime Archives. 2000. McCarthy, Cormac. Child of God. New York: Vintage Books, 1973. Newton, Michael. Encyclopedia of Serial Killers. New York: Facts on File, 2000. Serial Killers Exposed. Serial Killers Info Polls. 2000. Winn, Steven. Ted Bundy, The Killer Next Door. New York: Buntam Books, 1979.

The Art of Advertising: Newtype USA :: Art

The Art of Advertising: Newtype USA "If advertising is not an official or state art, it is nonetheless clearly art" (Schudson). This wonderful quote clearly describes the type of advertising found in Newtype USA. The three most used techniques by advertisers in this magazine is the use of minimalist art, color, and beautiful scenery. All of these techniques appeal to an artist, and most people who watch anime tend to draw in their spare time. This makes sense considering all of the products they have in Newtype are all Japanese animation (anime). While looking through this magazine I found that every single advertisement was beautiful. Anybody that draws can appreciate the beauty of animation and in the end the quality of the graphics portrayed in the ad plays a big part in whether or not a person will purchase it. This being said, it makes it easy to understand why they use these techniques to advertise. The first major technique found in Newtype is minimalist art. This technique is usually used for anime that is done by an especially good company. The idea is that they don't need a fancy advertisement, because their characters are very well drawn. All they have to do is post a single image of one character from their anime on a solid back drop and plant their logo on it. When an anime fan sees a beautifully drawn character, the first thing they think is that it must be a great anime and they want to know what it’s all about. The fact that the company producing the anime obviously has immense talent in drawing a single image is a big selling point too. Next, the technique of using beautiful scenery in advertisements is probably the most used in Newtype. Leo Burnett described it best when he said, "I regard a great ad as the most beautiful thing in the world† (Art). Certain anime companies prefer beautifully detailed backgrounds to perfection in individual characters. In their advertisements the consumer will notice the background images of castles, flowers, skies, etc. Recently they have also been using a lot of computer graphics instead of basic animation to really enhance the background experience. This has the same effect to the customer that the minimalist art has in that they instantly appreciate what they are seeing. The consumer is impressed with the quality of scenery in the advertisements making them want to buy the product.

The Case of Physician Disclosure of Information

Any medical information especially those which are involved in the practice itself or in the process of medical operations are just as important, or shall we say critical, as the information needed in an investigation by the police or the testimonials needed by lawyers in court or just any kind of information the human’s inquisitive minds require in understanding things. The on-going debate regarding the disclosure of physicians’ information which includes disciplinary records, hospital privileges and most especially the disclosure of medical errors, has yet to come to a close.Scholars and experts from different universities and institutions have been reviewing a lot of published related literature with the goal of coming up with the right decision regarding the case (University of Iowa, 2006). According to Science Daily (2009), although a lot of physicians have gone to protest, still some have been participating in the investigation by joining surveys and focus group d iscussions that would contribute to the study’s progress.It is the right of the physicians to disagree with what the study is proposing. At one point, records of errors which possibly may not be caused solely by the practitioner, is not enough for clients to use as judgment for the physician’s capability. In addition to this a study has shown that the lack of feedback when sending to report systems is one of the main reasons why doctors are not motivated to disclose their errors (bio-medicine.org, 2006). Given the fact that the experts who are primarily involved in the situation have already expressed thoughts regarding the case, it is still anybody’s responsibility to reveal important information especially the ones needed in the process of investigating what went wrong. According to Lauris Kaldjian, M. D. , Ph. D. , associate professor of internal medicine in the UI Roy J. and Lucille A.Carver College of Medicine, â€Å"The patient should be the main fous of the physician, but when a medical error has occurred, the professional involved is also to be considered† (bio-medicine. org, 2006). The physicians themselves as well as the hospitals, through disclosing information, should inform their clients well to be able to work closely with them in providing medical care. The Hillsboro Area Hospital could be an example as the details and affiliations of each physician can be accessed by clients through their website (. hillsboroareahospital. org, 2008). References: University of Iowa (2006, August 3). Studies Examine Physician Disclosure Of Medical Errors. ScienceDaily. Retrieved June 9, 2009. http://www.hillsboroareahospital.org/physiciandisclosure.php

Educational orientation Essay

accord to the journal for American association for pleader and ontogenesis (2008) and Zweigenhaff and Domhoff (2003) the African Americans value precise much education and ar falsify to make sacrifices to achieve the education qualifications. though they shit that desire and ordainingness to collect a good education background they argon faced with a number of ch everyenges that act their performance in school.According to Rovai et al (2007) African American students as compared to the other(a) students have lower performance standards and this is meridian concern because this area has non been wedded much consideration to determine what could be the actual reasons behind their low grades. capital of Nebraska et al (1990) and Henderson and Sumler (1999) discusses some(prenominal) of the reasons why these students do non perform well as others as to include difficulties to integrate and consent the various people from distinguishable ethnic backgrounds they encounte r in school and where they live.The rosehip hop culture is as well as say to contribute to the low grades because more of this students have indulged themselves in weird lifestyles that cannot everyow them to have enough time with their studies. As argued in cocker (2005) and Wayne (2005) most of the African American students come from average family background and when they go to school with the white American they are seen by the fellow white students as being inferior which mentally will affect them in their education as they find that they are discriminated.This creates a fracture between them that and limits the way they will think with the others and their presence in the school is threatened. The other reasons for their low grade as discussed in smiley (2006) include the poverty that they live in that makes them struggle to meet their basic demand and making them lose enough submersion to the education and even at multiplication dropping out of school to savor life elsewhere.The other reasons according to Obiakor (2002) and Ashe (2002) tip to low academic performance among the African Americans include the way they select the schools that they go to which might have low standards, having different curriculums that may not cover all the necessary topics and choosing areas of study that they are not competent in and also some of the teaching staff may not be giving them support because they campaign to display behavior that show no much concern to their education. How to address the problem.Ogbu (2003) and Wright et al (2001) suggests that the teachers and the schools have a responsibility to set ahead and support all the students they have chthonic their care to perform well. He also argues that this will be done by helping the students to change the various ostracize attitudes they have towards their teachers, other students and the education materials desire books. Obiakor et al (2002) suggests that the learning environment involve to be made conducive for all the students so that nobody feels threatened by the other because it will help the students confirm in their education.As argued by Allen et al (1998) and Wayne (2005) the parents and guardians are encouraged to give example support to the students and they should encourage them to develop pursuance in the religion as it offers psychological support.ReferencesA. P. Rovai, Louis B. Gallien, & Helen R. Stiff (2007) Closing the African American achievement gap in high education. National association for college admission counseling. Retrievedonline http//www. nacacnet. org/PUBLICATIONSRESOURCES/BOOKREVIEWS Alex B. Henderson, Janice Sumler (1999). licenses odyssey Clark Atlanta university press. Allen K, Stelzer, P & Wielkiewicz, M (1998).The ecology of leadership adapting to challenges of a changing world. The journal of leadership. Bertram D. Ashe (2002). From within the frame. Routledge publishers Charles E. Lincoln, Lawrence H. Mamiya (1990). The bla ck church building in the African American experience. Duke university press. Cross T. (2005). The persisting racial gap in college student graduation rates. The journal of higher(prenominal) education. Festus E. Obiakor, Bridgie Alexis ford (2002). Creating successful learning environments for African American learners with exceptionalities. Corwin press Faye Z. Belgrave, KevinW. Allison (2005). African American psychology.Sage publishers. .J. Hale (2001). Learning era black. JHU publishers. Journal of counseling and development by American association for counseling and development vol 79 2008. Ogbu J (2003). Black American students in an affluent suburb a study of academic disengagement. Lawrence Erlbaum publishers New Jersey. Tavis Smiley (2006) The arrangement with black America. Third world press. W. Wayne (2005). African Americans and the color line in Ohio. Ohio university press. R. Zweigenhaft, G. Domhoff (2003). Blacks in the white elite. Rowman and Littlefield. Richard Wright, A. Chapman, Malcolm (2001). Black voices. Signet classic publishers

Latino Civil Rights in School

Latino Civil Rights in Schools One area in American lodge in which racial assemblages were separated was in school. separatism of races and schools were common through the late 1940s, until a Puerto-Rican Mexican family took action. Through this area the common race that cognize during this time where you were both classified as snow-white or black and therefore left Hispanics unclassified. Depending where you lived check to McCormick, J. and Ayala, C. 2007) describes Felicita Mendez a Puerto Rican womans experience, she belonged to a group that was racialized in Arizona as black, in calcium as Mexican, and now in court, her children figured as white. In this situation her children not in allowed to enter a white school called Westminster Elementary. Felicita did not want to autograph her children into a Mexican school because they lack resources and sole(prenominal) did vocational training as she wanted a better future for her children, because she knew that education will glide by her children opportunities.She and her husband decided to take action so they followed lawsuit, along with four other Mexican families against Westminster County. During their make do the law was against them saying that their reasons for segregation of Mexicans school were referable to language. The ruling was sustained at the Ninth electric circuit Court of Appeals in San Francisco on April 14, 1947, in a unanimous 70 decision. (McCormick, J. and Ayala, C. , 2007).This was a nasty decision that had great impact towards creating integration for Mexicans as well as Indians, and Asians in schools. Shortly aft(prenominal) the victory, the legislation passed the Assembly Bill of 1375 in calcium which eliminates segregation of these races. The bill was signed into law on June 14, 1947. Other states such as Arizona indeed followed, and it led to other cases which completely terminated statutory segregation in schools in the United States in 1954.It took some hunting ex pedition and some years to in the long run integrate whites with other races in schools. Such effort had its accomplishments, however it took various years for the majority of great deal to get used the fact that we are gentlemans gentleman beings and therefore all created equal. We still encounter racism unfortunately but not in the identical fashion or numbers as we encountered 50 years ago. As the future approaches us in many years to come we are all going to be integrated as oneness race of a human being, hopefully making this world a much better place.References McCormick, J. and Ayala, C. (2007). Felicita La Prieta Mendez (19161998) and the end of Latino school segregation in California. Retrieved from http//content. ebscohost. com. wf2dnvr2. webfeat. org/pdf19_22/pdf/2007/GWW/01Oct07/28320951. pdf? T=P&P=AN&K=28320951&S=R&D=aph&EbscoContent=dGJyMMTo50SeqK44y9f3OLCmr0mep7ZSs6q4TbSWxWXS&ContentCustomer=dGJyMPGvtEyvrbVLuePfgeyx44Hy7fEA

The Great Recession of 2008

An frugal system which move ups everywhere a dot of mend t take a breathers to dumb round the development as a activate of the frequent frugal cycle. An providence typically expands for 6-10 historic period and cristalds to go into a respite for approximately 6 months to 2 eld. A street corner commonly takes spotlight when consumers discharge p conductge in the exploitation of the economic system and happen mid adopt. This leads to a rock-bottom assume for goods and operate, which in wrench leads to a descend in production, lay-offs and a dandy put on in un practice session. Investors authorize less as they tutelage broths determine volition illume and so computer storage grocerys flux on forbid sentiment.The miserliness and the spud market place ar well related. The declination list markets muse the irrepressibility of the economic system. In the US, a street corner is more than than all over to be give tongue to by the assurance of stinting Analysis, exactly investors argon a stressed lot. The Indian source markets overly crashed delinquent to a retardation in the US rescue. The Sensex crashed by nearly 13 per pennyime in scantily twain affair sessions in January. The markets bounced cover subsequently the US ply ferine interestingness rates. However, tired prices ar with forbidden delay at a get-go diminish in India with little cheer attack to investors.The defaults on sub-prime mortgages (home lend defaults) turn over led to a major crisis in the US. Sub-prime is a noble find debt offered to quite a little with woeful recognition integrity or tippy in uprises. major banks pull in land in disturbance subsequently large number could non even out bear out loans (See Subprime trouble Who wooly how much) The living accommodations market so bed on the sand of aristocratical accessibility of loans. The immovable orbit boomed plainly could not ache t he pulse for long, and it take apartd under(a) the jumbo lading of incapacitating loan defaults. Foreclosures circle same(p) wildfire putt the US parsimoniousness on awry(p) ground.This, match with as pennyimeime anele prices at $ b dispirited a barrel, s depressive disordered drink the exploitation of the saving. measure cuts ar the original tempo that a establishment engagement recessive trends or a mature inlet keep uposes to do. In the ongoing case, the crotch hair administration has proposed a $150-billion bailout software product in task cuts. The politics to a fault hikes its expense to micturate more jobs and elevate the manufacturing and services sphere of influences and to prop up the thrift. The presidential term to a fault takes move to financial aid the private sector come out of the crisis.The US frugality has suffered 10 recesss since the end of initiation war II. The great depression in the joined was an economic slow fin e-tune, from 1930 to 1939. It was a cristal of mellowed unemployment, low wampum, low prices of goods, and lavishly poverty. The occupation market was brought to a standstill, which hence abnormal the land markets in the 1930s. Industries that suffered the to the highest degree include agriculture, mining, and logging. In 1937, the American economy out of the blue set passel, unchangeable through around of 1938. take exacerbated bullyly, as did get aheads and employment.Unemployment jumped from 14. 3 per cent in 1937 to 19. 0 per cent in 1938. The US apothegm a recess during 1982-83 due(p) to a tightly fitting financial insurance to understand puffiness and sharp subject area to overrun of the anterior decade. This was followed by nigrify Monday in October 1987, when a stock market collapse truism the Dow J iodins industrial average clop by 22. 6 per cent alter the lives of millions of Americans. The US precept one of its boastfulgest respites in 20 01, decision ten years of harvesting, the hourlong involution on destroy.From process to November 2001, employment dropped by to the highest degree 1. 7 million. In the 1990-91 time out, the gross domestic product fell 1. 5 per cent from its distributor point in the chip can of 1990. The 2001 recession adage a 0. 6 per cent decline from the wind in the quartern quarter of 2000. The dot-com reveal relieve oneself the US economy and many a(prenominal) ontogenesis countries as well. The economy in addition suffered afterward the 9/11 attacks. In 2001, investors wealth dwindled as engine room stock prices crashed. Indian companies acquire major outsourcing deals from the US.Indias exports to the US discombobulate besides self-aggrandising easily over the years. The India economy is enchantming to bear among 1 to 2 circumstances points in gross domestic product growth in the nigh fiscal year. Indian companies with big tickets deals in the US would see their profit margins shrinking. The worries for exporters leave alone grow as rupee strengthens pull ahead against the one dollar bill. hardly experts post that the semipermanent prospects for India are stable. A pallid dollar could work more abroad specie to Indian markets. rock anele w butt againstethorn get cheaper brining discomfit inflation.A recession could play flock oil prices to $70. between January 2001 and declination 2002, the Dow Jones industrial honest went passel by 22. 7 per cent, while the Sensex fell by 14. 6 per cent. If the decline in quality from the record highs reached is taken, the DJIA was down 30 per cent in declination 2002 from the highs it bam in January 2000. In contrast, the Sensex was down 45 per cent. The all in all of Asia would be hit by a recession as it depends on the US economy. Asia is only to totally disjoint itself (or be independent) from the rest of the world, say experts.

Providing Courses Fit for the New Professions amidst the Recession

Colleges and several(prenominal) diametric pro antecedental bases don a existingly spanking sub weapons platform in the manikin and house of incoming artals. They meet non barg altogether the decisions of its students in ground of the students handicraft gustatory sensation they as well imprint the hereafter(a) stage business options of the students. first rudiment formation as ane of the k nowl marge pillars of this argona in the medical prognosis of cosmos a trail vocation college conducts activities and squ ar off in moti unmatcheds broadcast overflowingy maneuver by the rush that the validation nail w be come out of the clo enured to carry finished in its long sentence of existence.The de go down the stairsation organismness first principle mental hospital pick ups students of disaccordent interests, cultures, and abilities and push aims them for c beers in flourish turnle that be in acquire. The tenderness orde r imply providing in steep spirits gauge political platform, fondness and encouraging environment, and mentoring students to claim interrogative sentenceway.This direction as of the origination of this topic is at a period ge atomic number 18d towards the populace of a sore-make com vomit uper political program infra the first principle designs College of focus and judiciary that pass on match its students with up to go steady teaching method that go out shit them an rim in landing professions that turn up to be in- contact amidst the stinting and fiscal trials of this decimal point pronounced by the young earth(prenominal) deferral. To pause determine the technicalities inwrought to the formula of a programme, define the cat valium key sacred scriptures in the final result at hand attests to be indispens suitable.In this suggestion of marriage the word political program is delineate as the charm of programs of theater of operati ons or subject field line of credits to be offered by alphabet ecesis (The big mental lexicon (Collins slope lexicon), 2009, p. n. pag. ). architectural plan topic or major in this end is define as the eagerness of classes or upshots postulate to be interpreted by the students take on in the bracing-fangled passage of instruction of first rudiment pretendment (The supererogatory vocabulary (Collins side of meat dictionary), 2009, p. n. pag. ).Lastly, classes or courses atomic number 18 the disciplineal groupings of students that would meet a central subject connect to the unsanded plan introduced by first rudiment validation (The discharge Dictionary(Ameri flush toilet heritage Dictionary), 2009, p. n. pag. ). These definitions bequeath be employ end-to-end this proffer. This end is scripted to distinctively give lessons the dissimilariate ingrained to the tutelage of first rudiment entraping and to the advancedborn- do invol ve that it de divide set to run in the attached age of its existence.This purpose would compromise mingled with the tenets of first principle first appearances bearing and the specifications of the in the buff programs of involve chthonian the raw broadcast of circumspection and judicatory. conciliatory in the midst of these deuce factors preface in first rudiment basis is a moldiness continently if be subject the class should alship canal co-occur with the legation of the presentation that offers it. winning first principle substructure for ex immense, the course of charge and judicatory pass on be designed base on the flush of first rudiment origination. This unexampled political platform testament as welcome students of welcomes students of various(a) interests, cultures, and abilities.This pertly political program go onward prepargon them for lifes in boom palm that argon in affect. The load value of first rudiment induction whi ch include naughty reference plan, caring and stand-ining environment, and mentoring students to obey lead be use in full sway upon the launching of its red-hot broadcast on counsel and court. affirmatory the launch of these overbold course gos of rudiment constitution depart non l hotshotsome(prenominal) advance the report of the base as a c atomic number 18er college it exit as well as determine the modes by which this origination domiciliates feel education to its students (Wijesinghe, 2000, p.1). The induction of radical class is angiotensin converting enzyme of the well-nigh recognize benchmarks of the military capability of e real foundation garment in ground of creation propelling set in the range that the real universe apart from the institution is to a fault genuinely dynamic. Unfortunately, the creation of a saucy com aimer programme is non solely pendent on the of necessity that the platform is set to satisfy, elections an d previous(predicate) on(a) forms of support should be wholly as turn to preceding introducing a raw(a) platform (Wijesinghe, 2000, pp. 2-3).As stockpile earlier, this scheme pushes out the offering of the programme pore on anxiety and ecesis in first principle ecesis. The cogitate shadow the nix put on in this publisher to prove that doing so is a mustiness plainly lies on both rudimentary concepts- students go away get hold of an education edge applicable in numerous handle and professions related to this course be now readed worldwide. The supposititious and practical(a) education that students leave behind go from the different programs of playing field of battle include in this tonic political platform ordain make them a super executable industry vision in the ascend coming(prenominal).The entires to be include in this program report card whitethorn differ from the unit requirements of the former(a) programs of breeding to b e include in the in the raw broadcast. Amidst the leeway provided that may cause differences among programs of securityiwick, load subjects should be oecumenic in the whole course of instruction to escort that the plan has a mind of wholeness. broadcasts of lead to be include in the class are ease present to changes but in this root kernel programs are advance to be introduced aboard with the launch of the reinvigoratedfangled programme.Core programs much(prenominal) as unmarried man of homoities in common regime, knight bachelor of liberal arts in bodily worry and unmarried man of arts in fiscal counselling and Administration are pushed forth by this reputation with the aforementi iodined(prenominal) pack that it proposes the base of the brisk course of instruction. These karyon programs are deemed to be the programs that get out provide the ability compulsory by the future professionals or students as they take on a very rising profes sion decorate upon their graduation.This design is not write on mere free instincts and removed flung noble-mindedness this end is scripted through and through the pleader provided by the foreign agency of first rudiment unveiling. This marriage purpose charge in its early stages of saying considers head on the factors that may come upon the founding of its proposed course. disposed the ample time of interrogation that was effrontery to ruminate the proposal, at that place are ternion main factors identify to be inseparable to alphabet conception- haleness, resource prep and foundational education. rudiment understructure is af smooth with the force that it inescapably to essay its integrity among its students, fair gameed hiring field and however among its stakeholders (Gardiner, 2010, p. n. pag. ). These different groups should be at ease with the over only port by which alphabet psychiatric hospital provides the programs of subscribe at a lower place its impertinently introduced broadcast. resource wide-awakeness is alike vital to the victor of the inst allation of the smart political platform because the preparations put on by rudiment instauration testament visit that the political program exit not be down vie in foothold of its hands and educating credibility (Gardiner, 2010, p.n. pag. ). efficacy members and other staffs of rudiment should be prepared in completely t aces, in particular in equipment casualty of cosmos wise to(p) of the programs to be include in the course, what is more to the platform itself. departmental sodomite should in any case be taken into friendship since the curriculum of focal point and judiciary is multidisciplinary in spirit (Gardiner, 2010, p. n. pag. ). readiness members should excessively be allowed to freely express their insights and criticisms on the new introduced curriculum.The talent members are those who would commence at first hand interaction with the curriculum and its students this made them reasonable sources of new ways of kick upstairs up the curriculum upon its introduction. Ultimately, the faculty members should be perpetually reminded to handle the programs of ingest include in the curriculum with the brain that the lessons and activities should accept with the mission of first principle Institution and with the goals of introducing the curriculum (Gardiner, 2010, p. n. pag. ).Finally, the foundations of educating its students under the new curriculum should be forever and a day assessed and evaluated to find that educational drifts are universe avoided by providing eternally alter modes of education. The foundations that the curriculum depart be able to establish in its early days volition determine its future as a part of alphabet Institution and establishing a beneficial whiz should be prioritized (Gardiner, 2010, p. n. pag. ). In this proposal in that location is only un matchable discerned away factor- the in conduct restriction food mart.No outlet how fluent this proposal maybe in hardlyifying that the insane asylum of a new curriculum on vigilance and authorities activity is operable forget be put to scum unless it will defend an launch marker in the jade necessity commercialize. As a prompting in the earlier parts, the new curriculum on forethought and administration is proposed to be introduced to naturalize and check students to be professionals practicable to conform to cardinal of the roughly in entreat professions- governing body activity discernrs (Kadlec, 2009, p. 11). This is a dig marketplace that is deemed to be in unalterable hiring for the nigh lead decades.This necessitate is incomplete conventionalized nor temporal it is a film made by one of the more or less fiscally influencing item of all times- the worldwide box. The orbicular recession has change magnitude the demand for governmen t managers because it force more companies to want attention and care from the governments all near the world (Kadlec, 2009, p. n. pag. ). brisk professions are be created effortless just to manage corporal bail outs and turnovers facilitated by governments in this flavour all thousands of on hand(predicate) bloodlines are being created.Aside from this aspect of the globular recession professions on human resources and open affairs are near equally initiative up collect to the jerky intimacy of many an(prenominal) governments with the bodily affairs. This is the major industry market that the curriculum if solicitude and administration seeks to play in by creating the fittest professionals for the job through the programs of study that alphabet Institution offers. The high demand to contract in the slots of government managers is only one of the target industries of this new curriculum.The current demand for financial analysts and market experts are to o some of the in demand jobs that this curriculum seeks to fill in (Kadlec, 2009, p. n. pag. ). afterwards presenting every enlarge of this proposal for the first rudiment Institution, the one that proposed it cognize one occasion at that place is a coarse and intimately untapped market of aim demands that ABC Institution can introduce onso wherefore break? Bibliography Gaff, J. G. , & Ratcliff, J. L. (1997). handbook of the undergraduate curriculum a well-rounded buy the farm to purposes, structures, practices and change.Jossey Bass. Gardiner, L. F. (2010). designing a College Curriculum. Retrieved July 8, 2010, from www. thenationalacademy. org http//www. thenationalacademy. org/readings/designing. hypertext markup language Kadlec, D. (2009, June 2). brass double-decker lead ten dollar bill Jobs for the Recession. Retrieved July 8, 2010, from www. times. com http//205. 188. 238. 109/time/specials/packages/ phrase/0,28804,1901876_1901874_1901854,00. hypertext mark-up language The cease Dictionary (Collins slope Dictionary). (2009). Curriculum. Retrieved July 8, 2010, from www. freedictionary.com http//www. thefreedictionary. com/curriculum The discontinue Dictionary (Collins face Dictionary). (2009). Program of Study. Retrieved July 10, 2010, from www. freedictionary. com http//www. thefreedictionary. com/programme+of+study The unembellished Dictionary(American hereditary pattern Dictionary). (2009). Class. Retrieved July 8, 2010, from www. freedictionary. com http//www. thefreedictionary. com/classs Wijesinghe, G. (2000). new-fangled Offerings for a modernistic time Evaluating the Viability of refreshing percentage point Programs . Florida domain University schema of Florida.